Topic is in the instruction below

NameProfessor
Course
Date
Nalidixic Acid and Sulfonamide Antibiotics
Urinary Bladder Infection
Urinary bladder infection reveals the presence of microbial pathogens in the bladder and tract. Cystitis is an infection of the lower urinary tract while pyelonephritis occurs in the upper tract. Urinary tract infections (UTI) are bacterial infections in the primary care second to the respiratory tract problems. Females aged 20-40 years suffer most from UTIs related to the sexual activity and processes of child bearing. More than 25% middle-aged women record approximately 8.3 million visits to the doctor. Women are at higher risk of contracting UTIs because they have a shorter urethra than men, their micturition delays, and their use of spermicides and diaphragms that encourage coliform bacteria to colonize the periurethral area (Net Doctor 35). The perineal and periurethra bacteria enter the urethra and ascend to the bladder causing infection in women. The contact of the bacteria relates to sexual activity and catheterization among other mechanical instrumentation. Women in their post menopause ages have higher rates of bladder infection because of their uterine and bladder prolapse are leading to in completing emptying of the bladder. Such women have lost estrogen along with disrupted changes in the vaginal flora that loses lactobacilli, allowing colonization of the periurethra with aerobes that are gram negative such as Escherichia coli (Net Doctor 35).
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